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Jules Raymond Mazarin, Cardinal-Duke of Rethel, Mayenne and Nevers (; 14 July 1602 – 9 March 1661), born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino (:ˈdʒuːljo raiˈmondo maddzaˈriːno) or Mazarini,〔Georges Dethan, "Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal" in ''The New Encyclopædia Britannica'' (15th edition, Chicago, 1991) vol. 7, p. 979. Some sources give his surname as Mazzarini (with two z's), for example Buelow 2004, () p. 158. Mazarino is also a possible spelling ().〕 was an Italian cardinal, diplomat, and politician, who served as the Chief Minister of the French King from 1642 until his death. Mazarin succeeded his mentor, Cardinal Richelieu. He was a noted collector of art and jewels, particularly diamonds, and he bequeathed the "Mazarin diamonds" to Louis XIV in 1661, some of which remain in the collection of the Louvre museum in Paris.〔(Site officiel du musée du Louvre )〕 His personal library was the origin of the Bibliothèque Mazarine in Paris. ==Biography== Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino was born in Pescina, then part of the Kingdom of Naples,〔Pescina is now in the Abruzzo region of Italy.〕 but was raised in Rome. His father was Pietro Mazzarini from a noble family of Sicily, and his mother was Ortensia Buffalini, a woman of a noble family of Città di Castello in Umbria, and goddaughter of Filippo I Colonna, the grand Constable of Naples. Giulio was the older brother of Michele Mazzarino, Master of the Sacred Palace under Pope Urban VIII, and later Archbishop of Aix-en-Provence and a cardinal. Contemporary John Bargrave suggested that his father Pietro Mazzarini had lost a significant amount of money during a business transaction and was forced to flee to Rome.〔''Pope Alexander the Seventh and the College of Cardinals'' by John Bargrave, edited by James Craigie Robertson (reprint; 2009)〕 Regardless, Pietro was a notary who made use of his connections to the Colonna once he arrived in Rome and became chamberlain to the Constable Filippo I Colonna. Mazarin never forgot that the basis of his fortune in life was the patronage of the Colonna, who had provided his father with a wife, Ortensia Buffalini, of a noble family of Città di Castello in Umbria with an ample dowry. He had a younger sister, Laura Margherita Mazzarini. Mazarin studied at the Jesuit College in Rome, though he declined to join their order. At seventeen he accompanied Girolamo Colonna, one of the sons of Filippo I Colonna, to the university of Alcalá de Henares in Spain, to serve as his chamberlain. His stay was brief; a notary who had advanced some cash to cover gaming debts urged the charming and personable young Mazarino to take his daughter as bride, with a substantial dowry. Later Mazarin frequented the University of Rome La Sapienza, gaining the title of Doctor in jurisprudence but gaining loose habits of serious gambling in the meantime. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cardinal Mazarin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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